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Blog post by Alyssa Montes, Taylor Perez, Katie Poppins, and Michael Van de Brooke

We had the pleasure of interviewing and getting to know the knowledgeable Professor Yongick Jeong. Originally from South Korea, a CSUF alumni, now teaching media research and media analysis at Louisiana State University. His interests are in advertising, news and entertainment media, and measuring advertising effectiveness. He’s currently working on a new research project involving AI. Professor Jeong is someone who appreciates different theories which in turn creates a better understanding of his research.

We took an interest in the work he had done with Yeusueng Kim, titled, “Privacy concerns on social networking sites: Interplay among posting types, content, and audiences”. He delves into topics such as SNS (social networking sites), types of posting, the information types, young SNS users, as well as privacy concerns of the audience using Facebook and Twitter.

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How do you think the fact that participants were chosen from a mass communications research pool affected the results? How do you think choosing from a group with less of a communications emphasis would have yielded different results?

Dr. Jeong is quick to acknowledge that as a result of who was readily available as participants meant that his findings likely wouldn’t be directly generalizable to the broader population. However, as he explained, when one works in academia at a university, the portion of the population that a researcher has easy access to are the students learning about their field. He added that a more generalizable study would have focused more on individuals of average age, which he posited was the 37-55 age range.

Why did you decide to use surveys to collect data? Did you find any advantages or disadvantages of that decision? Were other quantitative or qualitative methods considered and rejected?

Professor Jeong explained that he used surveys to collect data for his study because of the type of research questions he wanted to answer. He created the surveys based on what information he wanted to discover. By using surveys he was able to understand what people thought about certain issues and how it impacted them, instead of using a quantitative method with less of an opinionated response. He felt that using surveys to collect data allowed him to find out what people were actually feeling and thinking, which improved his data. Professor Jeong found that using surveys was the best way to answer his research questions.

How do you feel that SNS influencer aspirations have affected people’s regard for their online privacy?

Professor Jeong mentioned many theories throughout our interview, but a theory he mentioned that answered this question was the privacy calculus theory. Professor Jeong states about privacy calculus theory that, “…when I decide to share my information, I calculated the benefit and loss, what can I get and what am I going to lose…some influencers because of finance and reward and reputation or interest, they easily give up their benefits or their privacy…and as a consumer we try to calculate.” As humans, we tend to calculate the benefits and losses of a certain decision a lot and this theory is a great way to explain why some people throw their privacy away, because in someone’s mind, the benefits of publicity outweigh the benefits of privacy.

The COVID pandemic made people especially dependent on the internet for work, social life, etc. Do you feel this shift has affected people’s feelings regarding their online and social media privacy?

Within our society, smart devices have become necessary and something we have become highly dependent on. Acknowledging this, Dr. Jeong approaches this question through the use of the concept of the “privacy paradox,” which centers on the matter that many individuals today use the internet and smart devices in their daily lives despite the known dangers of their usage. Despite privacy concerns and information usage, these devices and their counterparts continue to be prominent within our society for a number of reasons, with one being known as the “fear of missing out,” or “FOMO”. Dr. Jeong explains that FOMO can be a big contributor to social media usage as many individuals feel obligated to participate due to the idea that others will know about information they may miss out on. Dr. Jeong continues on to the potential risks, including the knowledge that criminals and ill-intentioned individuals also have access to devices and can do harmful things with our information, but many continue to use them and input their information. He then mentions that with our dependence on devices, there is a need for improvement in policies and regulations within the United States, as other countries have become advanced in those areas for the safety of the individuals. Throughout his response, Dr. Jeong expresses his concern about our increased dependence and dangers that come with our devices and media.

Your study focuses on young adults, partly because they are the largest age group on SNSs as the article says. Did you look into other age groups who may be more vulnerable to privacy breaches?

Though Dr. Jeong did not look into privacy issues regarding other age group’s social media use at the time of the study in 2010, he reports that he is now at his current position at Louisiana State University. He is currently focused on privacy matters with relation to artificial intelligence (AI) and smart devices like Amazon’s Alexa, Google Home, and more. He finds his current inquiry to be of great importance, warning us of the potentially existential threat that is AI.

So generative AI is scary, very scary. So when that is combined with technology, then we may see the end of the world sooner.”

– Dr. Yongick Jeong

By: Dominic Samaniego, Lauren Sharp, Armando Sanchez & Gabriela Angiuli

On Tuesday, October 24th, we conducted a Zoom interview with Cal State Fullerton communications professor Elise Assaf. Assaf primarily focuses on public relations studies and entertainment courses for undergraduate-level students in the communications major. This is part of our term project for Rosalyn Du’s course on the principles of communication research. Assaf’s background in communications research, public relations, and disability studies made her the perfect subject for the interview portion of the term project. The majority of our interview questions primarily focused on her dissertation. “Hidden Power: Journalistic Representations of Mental Health Labels.” Our brief interview with Dr. Assaf gave us much insight into the research process and all the elements of creating something as wide-scale as a dissertation. From there, we gained additional insight into the various concepts we are learning about in Dr. Du’s course. Speaking with expert and scholar Dr. Assaf helped us gain a better understanding of research methods and the implications of each. We were able to gain more perspective and insight from someone who has sufficient experience in conducting research in the field of communications.

Get a glimpse of the interview here: Preview of Interview with Elise Assaf

Some other topics covered in this interview include research methodology, lessons learned from the research, and advice for future scholars hoping to engage in research during their undergraduate careers. 

Dr. Assaf’s research gave us a clear idea and understanding of just what exactly goes into a research study. Such elements include content analysis, longitudinal study, qualitative research, and critical discourse analysis of literature to examine how linguistic elements hold great power and influence, more particularly in the field of mass communications. 

During her time obtaining her Ph.D., she gained an interest in disability studies, which focuses on including students in the classroom as opposed to separating them in a special education classroom. Combined with her fascination for the topic and her personal experience, she decided to explore mental health even further. Assaf shared that she has various mental health diagnoses. She shared that when her younger brother was going through his diagnosis process, he was subjected to many different labels. 

Interviewing Dr. Assaf gave us insight into the importance of selecting a sampling frame, especially in the context of deadlines and complex time frames. She emphasized that selecting content that is widely accessible and engaging in convenience sampling is often the best route to avoid tricky time frames. She mentioned that it is the most common way to select a sample for those engaging in undergraduate and graduate-level research. 

Learning about people’s perceptions of someone with schizophrenia or schizoaffective was eye-opening. There were a lot of people that would ask if he’s dangerous and does he have voices in his head, those stereotypes that you see in film and TV and communicated on other platforms.

Dr. Assaf’s connection to the topic of mental health inspired her to gather information for the dissertation that she wrote. The process of data gathering in the study took place in a six-month period from July 1, 2018, to December 31, 2018. In that period, she gathered the instances when mental health terms were used in three national publications. She chose the three national publications so that they would be more accessible for future cases of researching the topic.

You want to make sure you have a data set that is broad enough, wide enough that you have enough data to analyze but also that it is narrow enough that you can complete it in the time you have.

Through the computer program she used to filter through all of the many articles posted in that time frame, she was able to gather more than sufficient data. For one, two different types of models were used to distinguish the use of both mental health and mental illness. These models were if the terms were used either medically or socially. The social model showed that “mental health” was used medically close to 88 times while it was used in social connotations less than 25 times. The term “mental illness” was used less than 55 times in the medical connotation. The term was never used in the social connotation at all. Her research also goes into depth about who said the terms in the articles or news stories and their placement in the stories. 

In developing the questions, initially, Dr. Assaf framed her research around the language used in newspaper publications in academic settings, more specifically in college campus newspaper publications. Later, she expanded and tied her research to her communications background and honed in on major newspaper publications. The questions presented in her research were designed alongside her committee and were carefully designed. When asked in our interview about the lessons she learned in conducting the study, there were two main things she noted. The first thing she mentions in her response is the importance of selecting a subject that is “interesting enough to you to sustain you,” as conducting research of this level can last multiple years, and finding the energy and passion for conducting the research is of utmost importance. In addition, she advises those on the importance of being “mindful of who it is you are writing the content for.” For example, keeping in mind the different mediums in which the research could be relevant, such as in conference settings, and ensuring the research is relevant and useful.

Dr. Assaf emphasized how imperative it is to make sure your research is adding to the field in which the research is being conducted and providing new information about the topic, mentioning that “the authority that we place with certain people is very evident with these journalistic pieces.” Knowing where the quotes are coming from is beneficial as a researcher, as specific sources’ choices of words can impact readers’ perspectives, Dr. Assaf emphasized. 

In the abstract of her dissertation, Dr. Assaf mentions, “potential ramifications of hidden power, as well as recommendations on altering the use of the key terms and sources used within the article, are discussed” (Assaf, 2020, p. v). The newspapers that were analyzed through her research made many implications of the “dangers” of people with mental health diagnoses, therefore feeding into the stigma surrounding mental health. In the section of her dissertation, “5.1.5 Predominance of Sources with Hidden Authoritative Power,” she mentions, “these dominant perspectives were more likely to present an individual with a mental health label as an aggressor rather than a victim or a neutral party, increasing stigmatizing language, perpetuating stereotypes, and further unbalancing levels of power” (Assaf, 2020, p. 106). The chart below shows the power sources in which the content of the publications and how detrimental the language used by these sources is since their words are being read on a large, national scale.

As Dr. Assaf’s study was originally published in 2020, we found it important to see if there were any notable changes in her observed findings since her study was done. As we discussed the constantly evolving state of the newspaper medium, Dr. Assaf discussed how she noted a difference in how mental health is mentioned in the media. Although she didn’t specifically focus on the correlation of mental health to gun violence in her research, a popular topic in the research of mental health at the time, she has found a decrease in the number of headlines assuming a mental health diagnosis on a gun violence perpetrator. As we focused heavily on discussing and understanding Dr. Assaf’s research methods during our conversation, we learned how research and findings can change.

As we concluded our time with Dr. Assaf, she encouraged media consumers to ensure the sources their information is derived from are reputable. With an influx of news being distributed through blogs and social media, it is important to be aware of reactionary language to encourage online sharing, who the information is coming from, and where they get it. These simple ideas can help consumers gain the factual and necessary knowledge that they’ll continue to carry and inform others with.

View the full interview with Dr. Assaf here:

Full Interview with Elise Assaf

By: Courtney Iseman, Priscilla Bevel, Nicole Anita

Christina Ceisel, California State University, Fullerton

On Wednesday, November 1st, we interviewed Dr. Ceisel about research methods, specifically her experience with qualitative research. Dr. Ceisel earned a PhD in communications research at the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign. She also has a master’s degree in social science and a bachelor’s in media studies. Dr. Ceisel is trained in qualitative research methods using discourse analysis and ethnography. She also does market research and consulting by doing surveys and focus groups.

In our interview, we asked her specifically about her study titled El Rock Star Perfecto?: Theorizing Juanes and New Directions in Crossover Celebrity. For this study, she focused on the Columbian rockero, Juanes. Her topic was developed while discussing with a colleague the traction and popularity Latin music artists were gaining in the U.S. At the time, artists such as Shakira and Jennifer Lopez were at the top of the charts for music and had the world by storm. Dr. Ceisel was fascinated by how a country like the United States, with its primary language being English, would have such a demand and liking for Latin music. This developed the foundation of her research on Latin music. In Dr. Ceisel’s previous research, she goes to festivals, observes and interviews people, and later interprets her findings into her research. Dr. Ceisel’s approach to studying Juanes uses discourse analysis by reading and taking notes on how news outlets would portray the Columbian singer. She even studied how they talked about him and the market for Spanish and Latin music.

For this specific study, she focused on using qualitative research methods. When collecting information, she mentioned how instead of picking out specific terms, she took notes across all the articles she gathered, noting specific descriptions of Juanes’s work and performances. She focused on identifying the adjectives, themes, and tones of the coverage that was being published about him. She then used the information she gathered to understand how those aspects led him to a successful career.

Our group is planning to incorporate more quantitative methods into the study we are going to conduct. However, we are also interested in incorporating qualitative methods as well. Dr. Ceisel gave us some insight into why she prefers qualitative research methods.

“I think context is really important, and with quantitative work, surveys and such can give you a lot of interesting information, but I always want to go a little bit deeper. For me, it’s not quite enough. I find interviews and ethnography to allow me to tie things together a little bit more deeply.”

She continues to discuss the importance of tying the method you want to use to the research question you are asking. In the Juanes study she conducted, she didn’t interview anyone due to lack of access, so for this particular study, Dr. Ceisel found discourse analysis to be more efficient in getting the information she was looking for.

We asked Dr. Ceisel what made her interested in researching topics focusing on popular culture and media. She discusses how media matters and “really appreciates the way in which we can understand our world.” Growing up watching many television shows and films, she was always fascinated by how things occurred. Now, as a researcher, she can find answers and information to things she finds interesting. Once she began to study topics within media, she was able to take her previous thoughts and ideas on a subject and be able to prove why her beliefs were correct.

For our research study, we are looking to find and compare how people’s screen time and media consumption have changed since the pandemic. Although we are taking a more quantitative approach, we asked Dr. Ceisel if there are any specific methods she would suggest for researching this type of information. For screen time, she said we could look at quantitative aspects such as phone usage and screen time information our devices track. She gives the idea of surveying people and asking how long they spend on their devices. If we want to add a qualitative dimension, she suggested asking people how they feel about the increase in screen usage after the pandemic. She also added the idea of asking people why they continue to use social media even though people may not always feel great about being on it. 

“There is a lot of disconnect in what we say we want and how we actually behave, and that’s a good spot for qualitative work.”

Pedamkar, Priya. Qualitative vs Quantitative Research Pros and Cons. 30 Aug. 2023. Types of Research Methodology, EDUCBA, https://www.educba.com/types-of-research-methodology/. Accessed 1 Nov. 2023. 

When asked how to conduct a successful study in media, Dr. Ceisel highlighted the importance of being precise in what you seek. Not only that, but she also touched on how being interested in the topic you are researching is another critical factor, as you are likely to be more passionate about the subject and motivated to find answers.

After conducting our interview, we took away how important the human connection in a qualitative research method can impact a study compared to the survey benefits from quantitative research. Diving deeper and asking people how they feel about a topic can provide more extensive data rather than asking surface-level questions. Overall, Dr. Ceisel’s insight on qualitative research has inspired us to use more meaningful and detailed questions in the study we will conduct to help reach more significant and more in-depth results.

Zoom Interview Video

On Friday, October 20th

Introduction:

On Friday, October 20th, we had the privilege of interviewing Dr. Assaf. Some background on  Dr. Assaf is that she earned her Ph.D. in Education with an emphasis in disabilities studies from Chapman University. She also holds an M.A. and a B.A. in Communications with an emphasis in public relations from Cal State Fullerton. In addition, she is an Assistant professor from the Department of Communications at California State University Fullerton. She teaches public relations and entertainment courses in the undergrad communication program. 

During the interview, she spoke on various research topics, such as mental health, social media, and sports in the eyes of communication and the impact/effect. The inquiry was based on her experience conducting research, the type of study it was, why she chose to research that topic, problems during the research process, interesting findings from the research, and advice she would give new researchers and students. 

Q: Can you give us a quick summary of your research?

Dr. Assaf’s research consists of mental health and mass media with a spefic focus on the representation of mental health on social media platforms. Using a qualitative research approach, she dives into the intricate ways in which mental health and various disabilities are portrayed in the media. Dr. Assaf uses her background in disability studies to help navigate her through her research. A central theme of her research follows the concern of misrepresentation of mental health in the media, prompting her investigate more about the issue. 

Q. How did you come up with this research? What is the reason for choosing mental health?

Dr. Assaf stated that the reason for coming up with this research was because it was an academic requirement for her graduate program. She stated, “a lot of communication is coming out on stress and mental health.” Secondly, she was diagnosed with anxiety and depression; a family member was also diagnosed with other mental health issues. Dr. Assaf shares that mental health has been overlooked/underrepresented and wants to bring awareness of mental health. It was joint research by having mass media and mental health in her research. 

Assaf, E. A. (2020). Hidden Power: Journalistic Representations of Mental Health Labels[Doctoral dissertation, Chapman University]. Chapman University Digital Commons. https://doi.org/10.36837/chapman.000137

Q. How did you conduct your research? Surveys, interviews, groups?

In one of her research studies, she used a lot of content analysis but also used it as qualitative research. She stated she liked storytelling because that is a way she communicates with people better. Also, getting to know other’s stories. Regarding content analysis, Dr.Assaf analyzed in her research study how phrases and words were used in the texts using articles based on how authorities like police officers and law enforcement communicated on mental health. 

Q: What problems arise when conducting your research?

While conducting her research, Dr. Assaf discussed the problems that she faced. She explained how her main problems came from the committee’s that she worked for. They wanted her to prioritize things they thought were important and interesting, rather than ideas of her own. She went on to explain how people in charge had specific requirements to be met which sometimes conflicted with her research process. Some examples were stringent guidelines and a rigorous review process in which she had to abide by. If an editor wanted something changed, she would have to change it. While sometimes Dr. Assaf found herself annoyed with these rules, she admitted there were times where the feedback improved her study. In terms of textual analysis with publicly accessible content, Dr. Assaf noted she had to avoid hyperlinks since they were subject to editing or had a possibility of “dying.” She considered screen grabs and pdfs as more reliable alternatives. Despite these challenges, Dr. Assaf relied on her creative problems solving and adaptability to overcome these obstacles. 

Q: What has been the impact of your research?

Dr. Assaf’s research has had a great impact on various aspects of her academic and professional career. It played a major role in her having her current job as a professor and graduating with a doctorate degree. Her interdisciplinary approach has allowed her to have meaningful conversations with a variety of different groups such as students, faculty, mental health advocates, journalists, and many more. Dr. Assaf aims to inspire and bring positive change to her peers while fostering awareness at the same time. As her research continues to develop, Dr. Assaf hopes to expand her outreach to a larger audience while making a significant contribution to the work she is passionate about.

Q: What were the most interesting findings in your research? 

Upon hearing this question, Dr. Assaf reflected on her authoritative research in journalism. She initially was researching representations of mental health in journalism. With a deeper approach, she started to look directly at who was making the quotes and comments or which people were specifically cited. She noticed a common factor that all of these people had. She found these people to be law enforcement and legal individuals like lawyers and judges. Dr. Assaf realized that journalists would normally be receiving their quotes from these authoritative figures and found it interesting considering the role journalists have as the “gatekeepers”. Another thing that Dr. Assaf found interesting, although it wasn’t a finding in her research but through a literature review, was that 6 out of 10 people don’t read beyond a headline. She considered this problematic as headlines can give a false view to what the whole article is actually about. She talks about how this is typical of people as it is realistically hard to expect people to read everything that they come across. Through her research she found that people can have strong opinions just based on a headline, which is where it can seem more alarming. By only reading the headlines, people are not including the context, which Dr. Assaf believes in the key to understanding information. 

Q: What advice would you give to new researchers?

The first piece of advice Dr. Assaf would give to new researchers is picking a topic that is worth your interest. Doing a full blown study that could take months or years to do, she explains that you would need to research something that you could sustain your interest in for the duration of the study. She talks about how a short-lived interest would make it harder to finish the study since it’s harder to put in research and effort into a topic that you’re interested in anymore. From generally doing the study, to trying to get your research published, and revising for the publications, it takes a lot of time to complete your research. She said that “it’s a time-consuming process..you want to make sure that you’re still interested in it years down the road.” She added another piece of advice, which is that your data set is appropriate for the time period that you are conducting your research. She talks about finding that “sweet spot” of having enough data to look at and analyze, where your findings are also substantial, but also not overwhelming yourself with so much data that you can’t complete within a certain time period.

By  Adriana Arias, Meghan Hsieh,, Jacob Guillen, Xzachary Rositas

Renowned academic Craig M. Loftin holds a Ph.D. in U.S. History from the University of Southern California and is a pioneer in the field of queer history research. He is an esteemed professor in the American Studies Department at California State University Fullerton, offering much experience and insight into the academic world. In addition to his work as an educator, Loftin is a well-known writer and editor. The study of LGBTQ+ history and culture has benefited greatly from his essential works, which include “Masked Voices: Gay Men and Lesbians in Cold War America” and “Letters to ONE: Gay and Lesbian Voices from the 1950s and 1960s.” This article explores Loftin’s most recent research project and highlights his significant contributions to the study of queer history.

Academic Craig Loftin began extensive research for his novel “ Masked Voices: Gay Men and Lesbian in Cold War America ” while undergoing his Ph.D. program in American Studies at the University of Southern California. Throughout his book, Loftin  utilizes direct letters that gay and lesbian individuals  sent to ONE magazine in order to interpret the historical background of these individuals during the Cold War—a period of increased anxiety because of the communist party. Through careful examination of each letter, Loftin was able to decipher the significance behind each letter to further understand the context of each letter . Professor Loftin then implemented a systematic division amongst these letters by categorizing each letter through key terms in order to highlight specific themes as part of his research method, which he would ultimately use for his Primary Research. 

What sparked the interest of the LGBTQ+ community during the 1950s rather than other eras?

As an Undergrad, Loftin was always interested in 1950s history, due to it being a time of mass hysteria for the American people because of the Communist Party and the McCarthy Era. However, when Loftin arrived at USC as a grad student,  he was introduced to classes that talked about the LBGTQ+ community, which for him was  a new topic of classes that would further inspire him to write his book. By attending these classes Loftin was able to integrate his personal experience, as a gay man, to what he was being taught in classes.  This would then further spark interest in understanding LGBTQ+ history during the 1950s which ultimately would be the topic of his book.

What steps did you take in order to prepare for your research study?

To prepare for his research study, Loftin first had to understand what type of data he was collecting. Loftin began to collect qualitative data from letters that he was able to find from the ONE magazine archives provided by USC libraries. By reading each letter and understanding the significance behind these letters , he was able to create a coding system in order to organize his data. By creating this coding system Loftin was able to sub categorize each letter in order to understand what these letters were addressing. An example of this would be if a letter emphasize family matters, he would write a coding word to place all family letters together and so on and so forth. By doing this Loftin was better able to use his research in a more productive way which would eventually help him write his dissertation for his class.

How do you consider the accuracy of the data before using it in your work?

Due to ONE Magazine being the first public  LGBTQ+ Magazine, much of its contents were personal letters that gay and lesbian individuals would  send out to the magazine. Due to these letters being more personal testimony rather than actual data, Loftin had to find a way to connect these letters to what was occurring during that time in history. After carefully analyzing each letter, he was then able to find historical context in order to analyze the real message behind these letters, to further help him understand the actual history of the 1950s. 

How do you consider the accuracy of the data before using it in your work?

Due to ONE Magazine being the first public  LGBTQ+ Magazine, much of its contents were personal letters that gay and lesbian individuals would  send out to the magazine. Due to these letters being more personal testimony rather than actual data, Loftin had to find a way to connect these letters to what was occurring during that time in history. After carefully analyzing each letter, he was then able to find historical context in order to analyze the real message behind these letters, to further help him understand the actual history of the 1950s. 

What struggles did you face while collecting your information and data? And how did you overcome it?

When preparing to write his dissertation, Professor Loftin went to his USC library to find articles about the LGBTQ+ community in the 1950’s. However, the library was recently bought only 2 years prior. It was still filled with hundreds of boxes with archives that haven’t been sorted. This is when the librarian told Loftin that he can volunteer in the library and whatever articles he finds he would be able to use for his dissertation. While sorting out these archives he found boxes with ONE magazine letters which had never been seen by the public. In these personal letters he was able to collect his data thus furthering his use of these letters for his dissertation. The struggle he faced in this case was looking through all the boxes to find what articles he could use for his dissertation which did take a couple years to find.

If we were organizing a study on the same topic, would you advise us to use your method of collecting data? Why?

Loftin expresses that he believes that by reading these letters thoroughly in its entirety is a vital way of conducting his research, as reading them repeatedly until full comprehension is needed for a proper way of understanding. Loftin states that although his job as a historian is to interpret what the letters mean and relate to historical events, he also intends for the letters themselves to convey their own messages. Thorough reading and understanding these historical documents is a crucial point of research, as the results are that of qualitative discoveries. When students conduct these studies, they will find that it is much help to research this way, as everyone’s interpretation may be different and lead to new discoveries.

In your opinion what is the most important thing to remember in researching? Any tips?

Professor Loftin believes that the most important part of research is to be patient when looking for data. He emphasizes that while research can be a long and tedious process, it takes time  to formulate and collect all data. If you are passionate enough about your topic, operations will eventually run smoothly when key evidence is revealed. It is good to be passionate and have excitement for your work, however, there is no room for impatience in research as it is easy to make regrettable mistakes. 

Conclusion 

Interviewing Professor Loftin granted us great knowledge to take away and apply in our own research. In doing research, there are many possibilities and tactics that can be used to make it successful and effective. He explained the difficulty of finding the research itself and how long it may take to understand and perfectly translate this information giving one of the key takeaways; patience. It is clear that in order to create a piece of media, one must take much time to find it and then comprehend it to the fullest extent. There is also a chance of running across information that is unexpected that may help in the process. Of course, in the end, the most important thing to take away from this interview is being passionate about the topic one seeks to research about.